The fight against the increasing threat of cancer is a challenge that cannot successfully be fought in isolation.
The World Summit Against Cancer for the New Millennium, held in Paris, outlined the need for a global commitment aiming at co-ordinating and harmonising the efforts and actions of Research Centres, Hospitals, Voluntary and Patients Associations, Schools and Public Institutions  involved in fighting cancer.
This is the content of the Charter of Paris, signed on February 4^th, 2000, by over 100 oncology experts and Anti-Cancer Associations:

a great effort
to work and grow together
for the improvement of health and quality of life
of patients affected by cancer

                                                    Pier Giorgio Natali, M.D.

CHARTER OF PARIS

February 4^th, 2000

Preamble

Deeply troubled by the profound and universal impact of cancer on human life, human suffering, and on the productivity of nations,

Committed to the humanitarian treatment and equal partnership of people with cancer in the ongoing effort against this disease,

Anticipating the rapidly rising tide of cancer incidence throughout the globe, in developed and developing nations alike,

Recognizing the need for intensified innovation in all avenues of cancer research, prevention and healthcare delivery,

Believing that quality healthcare is a basic human right,

Acknowledging that currently achievable improvements in cancer survival remain unrealized, due to inadequate emphasis on prevention, inadequate funding and unequal access to quality cancer care,

Certain that lives can and will be saved by increased access to existing technologies,

Aspiring to nothing less than an invincible alliance -- between researchers, healthcare professionals, patients, government, industry and media -- to fight cancer and its greatest allies, which are fear, ignorance and complacency…

We, the undersigned, in order to prevent and cure cancer, and to maintain the highest quality of life for those living with and dying from this disease, fully commit and hold ourselves accountable to the principles and practices outlined herein.

Articles

Article I

Cancer patient rights are human rights. The currently evolving movement to define and adopt cancer patients' rights is critical to recognizing and protecting the value and dignity of individuals with cancer throughout the world.

Article II

The stigma associated with cancer is a significant barrier to progress in both developed and developing nations, often causing:

- undue emotional trauma for patients and their families
- bias and discrimination against employment of people with cancer
  and/or their meaningful participation in and contribution to society
- related financial hardship and loss of productivity
- poor communication and insufficient public education
- an undue sense of fatalism that can adversely impact the
  commitment of governments, health agencies and private institutions
  in the war against cancer.

The parties to this charter undertake to better understand and eradicate the stigmas associated with cancer, to assertively redefine the disease as a treatable biological pathology and not a social condition.

The positive realignment of popular opinion, perception, and concern regarding cancer and the millions of lives it affects will enable the full realization of each of the following priorities.

Article III

The parties undertake a vigorous commitment to create an optimal environment for anti-cancer research innovation.

1. Knowledge of the biology of cancer and the fundamental mechanisms by which cancers emerge and progress is the origin of all advances that have increased and will further increase the rate of cure and the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. The identification of new targets for detection, diagnosis and treatment must accelerate if we are to win the war against cancer.

The parties agree to aggressively build the case for enhanced government and industry funding of basic research, to encourage, protect and incentivize those who innovate, and to increase the means by which scientists may labor in intellectual freedom to constantly advance the frontiers of current knowledge.

2. Clinical research is the sole means by which basic research becomes
meaningful to the lives of human beings. Breakthroughs in molecular biology
or genetics can have no impact on cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis
and treatment unless they are carefully evaluated and developed in clinical trials.

Research in the clinic also can immediately inform ongoing basic research
efforts. This kind of translational research, commonly conducted by
institutions with both a basic and clinical research capability, rapidly tests
hypotheses generated in the laboratory. Immediate feedback from the clinic
obtained through translational research can meaningfully redirect basic
research efforts and stimulate the generation of important new hypotheses.

Despite its importance, clinical research is significantly challenged not only by
a lack of funding, but often by a lack of involvement on the part of healthcare
professionals and institutions -- and a lack of awareness among patients of
the purpose and benefits of participating in clinical studies. Inadequate legal
and regulatory harmonization between countries also means that large
international clinical trials - the kind that are statistically powerful and can
rapidly advance medical practice - can be extremely difficult and costly to
conduct.

The parties pledge to elevate awareness and commitment to clinical research
among all constituencies they represent and to seize every opportunity to
strengthen the international research infrastructure. The parties further
pledge to advance universal recognition of informed consent - the process
by which patients are fully advised of the purpose, risks, and benefits of any
clinical study. In so doing, the parties seek to enable rapid, powerful and
inclusive clinical trials that ethically engage and also empower people with
cancer.

Article IV

Despite the considerable strides that have been taken in the fight against cancer, survival outcomes vary dramatically throughout the world - not just between countries, not just between cities, but even between institutions within the same city. Wide variations in standards of care and access to quality cancer care are a major cause of these discrepancies -- and the often unnecessary morbidity and mortality that result.

The parties reaffirm Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that every individual "has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care." The parties further assert that given the ubiquitous presence of cancer and its impact on society, the provision of quality cancer care within the local economic context is a basic human right. The parties therefore endeavor to promote:

1. Evidence-based medical practice and clear definition of "quality care" according to all available scientific evidence.

2. Systematic development of guidelines based on the best available evidence for prevention, diagnosis, treatment and palliative care.

3. Appropriate prioritization of quality anti-cancer care at every level of
healthcare provision, consistent with the total burden of disease.

4. Intensified cancer specialization and better integration of care among
medical disciplines.

5. Widespread patient access to high quality clinical trials.

Article V

The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2020, 20 million new cases of cancer will emerge each year. 70% of these patients will live in countries that between them will have less than 5% of the resources for cancer control. Cancer will continue to become an increasingly important contributor to the global burden of disease as we enter the next millenium, despite the fact that many cancers are preventable through control of tobacco use, diet, infection and pollution. It is estimated, for instance, that infections -- many potentially preventable -- cause 15% of cancer worldwide and 22% of cancers in the developing world. The use of tobacco similarly causes millions of new cancers and cancer deaths each year, in both the developed and the developing world.

This reality emphasizes the need for development of public policies that support the fight against cancer and urgent deployment of existing knowledge and technologies in the basic prevention of cancer to stem the rising tide of disease. The parties undertake to:

1. Actively support existing cancer prevention programs globally and build awareness and commitment to cancer prevention across all constituencies they represent.

2. ldentify opportunities to accelerate public education in tobacco control, diet
modification, infection control and environmental protection.

3. Organize the support of industry and governments to enhance the delivery of cancer prevention through medical technology wherever possible

Article VI

It is an uncontested fact that early detection of cancer for any or all of the two hundred or more varieties, leads to a better outcome for the patient. Importantly, the treatment of several recognizable pre-cancerous conditions also can prevent cancer. Fear and ignorance of signs and symptoms of cancer or precancerous conditions are common, however, and by its nature cancer can be insidious and difficult to detect without a screening intervention. It is also known that early detection is particularly important for those people at high risk of cancer, due to lifestyle, environment, occupation, family predisposition or low socio-economic status.

Recognition that the earliest symptoms of cancer can be confused with common illnesses further emphasizes the need for effective screening and attentive medical diagnosis. Screening methodology to identify cancer early can extend from simple observation, laboratory tests and x-ray examinations to more sophisticated examinations, all of which have proven value in the early detection of several cancers. In addition to education about cancer prevention, implementation of screening programs -- within economic possibilities -- should be a prime objective to reduce the cancer burden. These screening programs must be coupled with access to quality treatment in order to be effective.

The parties undertake to accelerate the development and widespread application of proven and emerging screening technologies, such that all individuals who might benefit from screening will do so, irrespective of race or socio-economic status.

Article VII

Individual and constituency-based patient advocacy has directly and favorably impacted the war against cancer in instances in which it is well informed and rooted in an understanding of and commitment to quality science and evidence-based medical practice. As the primary stakeholder in the anti-cancer effort, the patient is uniquely positioned to focus the overall anti-cancer effort on eradication of disease and on the optimal use of resources to benefit people at risk of cancer and people living with and fighting the disease.

The parties undertake to strengthen the position of the cancer patient as an active partner in the fight against cancer and will actively promote the following principles:

1. All people affected or potentially affected by cancer should have free and equal access to information on disease origin, prevention and current standards for detection, diagnosis and treatment.

2. Open and collaborative communication between people with cancer and health care professionals and scientists is essential.

3. A commitment to total patient well being includes not only clinical care but also information and psychosocial support. Health care professionals and people with cancer share the responsibility to ensure that total patient needs are met.

4. People with cancer throughout the world have the opportunity to become informed, organized and influential.

5. The professional medical community, recognizing the power and
benefit of an informed and active public, will help facilitate popular commitment to both the scientific process and the practice of evidence-based medicine.

6. The medical research, industry and policy communities will regard informed patient advocates as key strategic partners in all aspects of the fight against cancer, including the advancement of standards of care and survival.

Article VIII

Improving patients' quality of life is a primary objective in the effort against cancer. Both the physical and emotional burdens of cancer can be significant, and often they are compounded by the side effects of treatment. Because clinical outcomes can be affected by the overall state of a patient's mental and physical well being, the preservation of quality of life -- including physical, psychological and social functioning -- should be a medical as well as a humanitarian priority. It also must be noted that while giant strides have been taken to improve cure rates in the last 20 years, the majority of the world's cancer patients today do not experience a cure.

When cancer is not curable, important quality of life advantages still can be achieved through optimal anticancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy) and supportive care, including pain and fatigue management, and end of life palliation.

The parties will pursue the following goals to increase commitment to quality of life issues in the fight against cancer:

1. Improvement in the comprehensive care of people with cancer including
supportive care and palliation through specific treatment modalities.

2. Recognition at the clinical and also at the policy level of the importance of patients' quality of life, regardless of the stage of the disease and prognosis, and optimal supportive care of cancer patients, particularly in instances in which cure is not achievable.

3. Prioritization of quality of life as a key endpoint in the development of new drugs and also in patient care.

4. Aggressive, continued development of scientific tools to measure and assess quality of life in the clinical setting.

5. Intensive education of healthcare professionals and cancer patients regarding both the need and the opportunity for effective cancer pain control at every stage of disease and treatment. Cancer-related pain profoundly impacts quality of life and is often grossly underestimated and undertreated, even when it can be adequately controlled.

6. Pursuit of a better understanding and also a transformation of attitudes regarding death and dying, to ensure that the end of life is accepted as a natural experience that can and should be addressed medically, psychologically, emotionally and spiritually. Optimal medical care of the dying cancer patient must be effective, humane and compassionate

Article IX

Recognizing the wide variability in resources and epidemiology throughout the world, the parties agree that individual countries must design national anti-cancer strategies according to local needs, and apply resources where they will have the greatest impact. Some nations might choose, for instance, to fund as a first priority strategies against those cancers that are preventable or curable, including prevention education and specific treatments. Other countries might strengthen immunization efforts as part of an overall cancer control strategy or more aggressively support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy to improve cancer survival outcomes. Each of these variable needs and opportunities have recently been defined by the World Health Organization in its effort to craft a global cancer control strategy.

It is clear that regardless of economic circumstance, a critical assessment of anti-cancer needs, appropriate planning and prioritization can meaningfully curtail the impact of cancer in both developed and developing nations alike.

The parties undertake to actively support the concept of national anti-cancer planning according to local need and resource. They further pledge to challenge all communities engaged in the fight against cancer to ensure such planning sufficiently prioritizes the current and looming cancer crisis -- and optimally captures the significant opportunity to reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality.

Article X

Since cancer knows no boundaries, and individual countries cannot address the challenges of cancer in isolation, a new cooperative approach to research, advocacy, prevention and treatment must be established.

The parties undertake to develop unprecedented global networks and alliances to further the goals of this charter. They further pledge to ensure that the objectives of this charter are not abandoned after its signing, by:

1. Recognizing the declaration by all appropriate institutions that February 4 shall be marked as "World Cancer Day" so that each year, the Charter of Paris will be in the hearts and minds of people around the world.

2. Establishing standing committees that will produce annual reports, benchmarking progress against each of the articles of the Charter.

3. Forming a global network of advocacy groups to encourage grassroots support for charter articles within their communities.

4. Creating a global research organization made up of leading professional societies around the world. This group will be dedicated to ensuring that current knowledge is shared across borders, research gaps are identified and promising areas are explored.

5. Rallying one million people around the world to sign the Charter of Paris by the year 2001, thereby showing their willingness to mobilize on behalf of those affected by cancer.

The Charter of Paris was signed by Pier Giorgio Natali, M.D.   as President of SIC (Società Italiana di Cancerologia) and Scientific Director of the Regina Elena Cancer Institute

The document was translated by the "International Affairs Bureau" of the Institute.